GOOD FRIDAY
Mass of the Presanctified
Lessons
STATION AT
HOLY CROSS IN JERUSALEM
(Indulgence of
30 years and 30 quarantines)
DOUBLE OF THE FIRST CLASS
BLACK VESTMENTS
THE MASS OF THE CATECHUMENS
The Service of
this morning consists of four parts, which we now proceed to explain. First of
all, we have the Lessons; next, the Prayers; thirdly, the Veneration of the
Cross; and lastly, the Mass of the Presanctified. These solemn and unusual
rites announce to the Faithful the sacredness of this Day, as also the
suspension of the daily Sacrifice, for which they are substituted. The Altar is
stripped; the Cross is covered with a black veil; the Candles are of yellow wax;
— everything in the Sanctuary bespeaks mournfulness. As soon as the Choir have
recited None, the Celebrant and sacred Ministers approach the Altar; their
black Vestments denote the grief of holy Church. Being come to the foot of the
Altar, they prostrate, and pray in silence, whilst the Acolytes cover the Altar
with a single cloth, instead of the three which are always required when Mass
is celebrated. The Celebrant and Ministers then rise, and the Lessons are begun.
FIRST PART: THE LESSONS
The first
portion of this morning's function consists of two prophetic passages from the
Old Testament, and
of the Passion according to St. John. The passage from the Prophet Osee tells
us of the merciful designs of God in favour of his new people, the Gentiles,
who were dead, and who, nevertheless, were to rise again, in three days, with
Christ, whom they do not so much as yet know. Ephraim and Juda are to be
treated otherwise: their material sacrifices have not been acceptable to a God,
who loves mercy above every other gift, and rejects the offerings of those
whose hearts are filled with bitterness.
FIRST LESSON - Osee 6: 1-6
Thus saith the
Lord: In their affliction they will rise early to Me: Come, and let us return
to the Lord, for He hath taken us, and He will heal us, He will strike, and He
will cure us. He will revive us after two days: on the third day He will raise
us up and we shall live in His sight. We shall know and we shall follow on,
that we may know the Lord. His going forth is prepared as the morning light and
He will come to us as the early and the latter rain to the earth. What shall I
do to thee, O Ephraim? What shall I do to thee, O Juda? Your mercy is as a
morning cloud and as the dew that goeth away in the morning. For this reason
have I hewed them by the Prophets, I have slain them by the words of my mouth:
and thy judgements shall go forth as the light. For I desired mercy and not sacrifice:
and the knowledge of God more than holocausts.
The Tract is taken from the Canticle of the Prophet Habacuc (Habakkuk), and which we have already sung at Lauds. It foretells the
second coming of Christ, when he shall come, in glory and majesty, to judge
them that have crucified him.
TRACT - Habacuc (Habakkuk) 3: 2-3
O Lord, I have
heard Thy hearing and was afraid: I have considered Thy works and trembled. In
the midst of two animals Thou shalt be made known: when the years shall draw
nigh Thou shalt be known: when the time shall come, Thou shalt be manifested.
When my soul shall be in trouble, Thou wilt remember mercy, even in Thy wrath.
God will come from Libanus, and the Holy One from the shady and thickly covered
mountain. His majesty covered the heavens: and the earth is full of His praise.
The Church sums up, in the following Collect, the prayers of her
children. She reminds our heavenly Father of his justice towards Judas and his
mercy towards the Good Thief, and begs, that every remnant of the old man may
be removed from us, and we rise again with our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Deacon says: Let us kneel down.
The Subdeacon: Stand up again.
COLLECT
O God, from
whom Judas received the punishment of his guilt, and the thief the reward of
his confession: grant unto us the full fruit of Thy clemency; that even as in
His Passion, our Lord Jesus Christ gave to each a retribution according to his
merits, so having taken away our old sins, He may bestow upon us the grace of
His Resurrection. Who with Thee liveth and reigneth.
The second Lesson now follows. It is taken from the book of Exodus, and
describes to us the ancient rite of the Paschal Lamb, which was the figure of
the reality that is given to us to-day. It is to be a Lamb without spot or
blemish. Its blood has the power of preserving from death those whose dwellings
are sprinkled with it. It is not only to be immolated; it is to be eaten by
them that have been saved by it. It is to be the food of the wayfarer; and they
who partake of it must stand whilst they eat, like unto men who have no time to
lose during this passing life. Its immolation is the signal of the Pasch; — the
immolation of our Emmanuel, the Lamb of God, is the signal of our Pasch.
SECOND LESSON - Exodus 12: 1-11
In those days
the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: This month shall be to
you the beginning of months: it shall be the first in the months of the year.
Speak ye to the whole assembly of the children of Israel, and say to them: On
the tenth day of this month let every man take a lamb by their families and
houses. But if the number be less than may suffice to eat the lamb, he shall
take unto him his neighbour that joineth to his house, according to the number
of souls which may be enough to eat the lamb. And it shall be a lamb without
blemish, a male, of one year: according to which rite also you shall take a
kid. And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month: and the
whole multitude of the children of Israel shall sacrifice it in the evening.
And they shall take of blood thereof, and put it upon both the side posts, and
on the upper door posts of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. And they
shall eat the flesh that night roasted at the fire: and unleavened bread with
wild lettuce. You shall not eat thereof any thing raw, nor boiled in water, but
only roasted at the fire. You shall eat the head with the feet and entrails
thereof. Neither shall there remain any thing of it until morning. If there be
any thing left, you shall burn it with fire. And thus you shall eat it: You
shall gird your reins, and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in
your hands, and you shall eat in haste; for it is the Phase (that is the
Passage) of the Lord.
This magnificent prophecy is followed by a Tract taken from the 139th
Psalm, in which the Church represents our Redeemer, (who has been betrayed into
the hands of his enemies,) praying to his Eternal Father.
TRACT - Psalm 139: 2-10, 14
Deliver me, O
Lord, from the evil man: rescue me from the unjust man. Who have devised
iniquities in their hearts: all the day long they designed battles. They have
sharpened their tongues like a serpent; the venom of asps is under their lips.
Keep me, O Lord, from the hand of the wicked: and from unjust men deliver me.
Who have proposed to supplant my steps. The proud have hidden a net for me. And
they have stretched out cords for a snare for my feet; they have laid for me a
stumbling block by the wayside. I said to the Lord: Thou art my God. Hear, O Lord,
the voice of my supplication. O Lord, Lord, the strength of my salvation:
overshadow my head in the day of battle. Give me not up from my desire to the
wicked: they have plotted against me. Do not Thou forsake me, lest at any time
they should triumph. The head of them compassing me about: the labour of their
lips shall overwhelm them. But the just shall give glory to Thy Name: and the
upright shall dwell with Thy countenance.
The Prophets have prepared us for the fulfilment of their types. Holy
Church is now going to relate to us the history of our Saviour's Passion. It is
St. John, the fourth of the Evangelists, and an eye-witness of what took place
on Calvary, who is about to describe to us the last moments of Jesus' mortal
life. Let us be all attention, and beg our Lord to give us something of that
devotion, which filled the soul of his Beloved Disciple as he stood at the foot
of the Cross.
THE PASSION - John 18: 1-40; 19: 1-42
The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ according to St.
John.
The apprehension of Jesus
At that time
Jesus went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where there was a
garden, into which he entered with his disciples. And Judas also, who betrayed
him, knew the place; because Jesus had often resorted thither together with his
disciples. Judas therefore having
received a band of soldiers and servants from the chief priests and the
Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons. Jesus
therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said
to them: Whom seek ye? They answered him: Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith to
them: I am he. And Judas also, who betrayed him, stood with them. As soon
therefore as he had said to them: I am he; they went backward, and fell to the
ground. Again therefore he asked them: Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of
Nazareth. Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he. If therefore you seek
me, let these go their way. That the word might be fulfilled which he said: Of
them whom thou hast given me, I have not lost any one. Then Simon Peter, having
a sword, drew it, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his
right ear. And the name of the servant was Malchus. Jesus therefore said to
Peter: Put up thy sword into the scabbard. The chalice which my Father hath
given me, shall I not drink it? Then the band and the tribune, and the servants
of the Jews, took Jesus, and bound him: And they led him away to Annas first,
for he was father in law to Caiphas, who was the high priest of that year.
Jesus at the palace of the High Priest
Now Caiphas
was he who had given the counsel to the Jews: That it was expedient that one
man should die for the people. And Simon
Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple. And that disciple was known
to the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the court of the high priest. But
Peter stood at the door without. The other disciple therefore, who was known to
the high priest, went out, and spoke to the portress, and brought in Peter. The
maid therefore that was portress, saith to Peter: Art not thou also one of this
man' s disciples? He saith: I am not. Now the servants and ministers stood at a
fire of coals, because it was cold, and warmed themselves. And with them was
Peter also, standing, and warming himself. The high priest therefore asked
Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine. Jesus answered him: I have spoken
openly to the world: I have always taught in the synagogue, and in the temple,
whither all the Jews resort; and in secret I have spoken nothing. Why asketh
thou me? ask them who have heard what I have spoken unto them: behold they know
what things I have said. And when he had said these things, one of the servants
standing by, gave Jesus a blow, saying: Answerest thou the high priest so? Jesus
answered him: If I have spoken evil, give testimony of the evil; but if well,
why strikest thou me? And Annas sent him
bound to Caiphas the high priest. And Simon Peter was standing, and warming
himself. They said therefore to him: Art not thou also one of his disciples? He
denied it, and said: I am not. One of the servants of the high priest (a
kinsman to him whose ear Peter cut off) saith to him: Did I not see thee in the
garden with him? Again therefore Peter
denied; and immediately the cock crew.
Jesus before Pilate
Then they led
Jesus from Caiphas to the governor's hall. And it was morning; and they went
not into the hall, that they might not be defiled, but that they might eat the
pasch. Pilate therefore went out to them, and said: What accusation bring you
against this man? They answered, and said to him: If he were not a malefactor,
we would not have delivered him up to thee. Pilate therefore said to them: Take
him you, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said to him:
It is not lawful for us to put any man to death; that the word of Jesus might
be fulfilled, which he said, signifying what death he should die. Pilate
therefore went into the hall again, and called Jesus, and said to him: Art thou
the king of the Jews? Jesus answered: Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or
have others told it thee of me? Pilate answered: Am I a Jew? Thy own nation,
and the chief priests, have delivered thee up to me: what hast thou done? Jesus
answered: My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my
servants would certainly strive that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but
now my kingdom is not from hence. Pilate therefore said to him: Art thou a king
then? Jesus answered: Thou sayest that I am a king. For this was I born, and
for this came I into the world; that I should give testimony to the truth.
Every one that is of the truth, heareth my voice. Pilate saith to him: What is
truth? And when he said this, he went out again to the Jews, and saith to them:
I find no cause in him. But you have a custom that I should release one unto
you at the pasch: will you, therefore, that I release unto you the king of the
Jews? Then cried they all again, saying: Not this man, but Barabbas. Now
Barabbas was a robber. Then therefore, Pilate took Jesus, and scourged him. And
the soldiers platting a crown of thorns, put it upon his head; and they put on
him a purple garment. And they came to him, and said: Hail, king of the Jews;
and they gave him blows. Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith to them:
Behold, I bring him forth unto you, that you may know that I find no cause in
him. (Jesus therefore came forth, bearing the crown of thorns and the purple
garment.) And he saith to them: Behold the Man. When the chief priests,
therefore, and the servants, had seen him, they cried out, saying: Crucify him,
crucify him. Pilate saith to them: Take him you, and crucify him: for I find no
cause in him. The Jews answered him: We have a law; and according to the law he
ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God. When Pilate therefore had
heard this saying, he feared the more. And he entered into the hall again, and
he said to Jesus: Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer. Pilate
therefore saith to him: Speakest thou not to me?knowest thou not that I have
power to crucify thee, and I have power to release thee?
Jesus
answered: Thou shouldst not have any power against me, unless it were given
thee from above. Therefore, he that hath delivered me to thee, hath the greater
sin. And from henceforth Pilate sought to release him. But the Jews cried out,
saying: If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar's friend. For whosoever
maketh himself a king, speaketh against Caesar. Now when Pilate had heard these
words, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat, in the place
that is called Lithostrotos, and in Hebrew Gabbatha. And it was the parasceve
of the pasch, about the sixth hour, and he saith to the Jews: Behold your king.
But they cried out: Away with him; away with him; crucify him. Pilate saith to
them: Shall I crucify your king? The chief priests answered: We have no king
but Caesar.
The Crucifixion
Then therefore
he delivered him to them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him
forth. And bearing his own cross, he went forth to that place which is called
Calvary, but in Hebrew Golgotha. Where they crucified him, and with him two
others, one on each side, and Jesus in the midst. And Pilate wrote a title
also, and he put it upon the cross. And the writing was: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE
KING OF THE JEWS. This title therefore many of the Jews did read: because the
place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew,
in Greek, and in Latin. Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate:
Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am the King of the Jews.
Pilate answered: What I have written, I have written. The soldiers therefore,
when they had crucified him, took his garments, (and they made four parts, to
every soldier a part,) and also his coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven
from the top throughout. They said then one to another: Let us not cut it, but
let us cast lots for it, whose it shall be; that the scripture might be
fulfilled, saying: They have parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture
they have cast lots. And the soldiers indeed did these things. Now there stood
by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary of Cleophas,
and Mary Magdalen. When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple
standing whom he loved, he saith to his mother: Woman, behold thy son. After
that, he saith to the disciple: Behold thy mother. And from that hour, the
disciple took her to his own.
The death of Christ
Afterwards,
Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might
be fulfilled, said: I thirst. Now there was a vessel set there full of vinegar.
And they, putting a sponge full of vinegar and hyssop, put it to his mouth. Jesus
therefore, when he had taken the vinegar, said: It is consummated. And bowing
his head, he gave up the ghost.
Here all kneel for a few moments and, if such be the custom of the place, they prostrate and kiss the
ground.
Then the Jews,
(because it was the parasceve,) that the bodies might not remain on the cross
on the sabbath day, (for that was a great sabbath day,) besought Pilate that
their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. The soldiers
therefore came; and they broke the legs of the first, and of the other that was
crucified with him. But after they were come to Jesus, when they saw that he
was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers with a
spear opened his side, and immediately there came out blood and water. And he
that saw it, hath given testimony, and his testimony is true. And he knoweth
that he saith true; that you also may believe. For these things were done, that
the scripture might be fulfilled: You shall not break a bone of him. And again
another scripture saith: They shall look on him whom they pierced.
The Burial of Jesus
And after
these things, Joseph of Arimathea (because he was a disciple of Jesus, but
secretly for fear of the Jews) besought Pilate that he might take away the body
of Jesus. And Pilate gave leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
And Nicodemus also came, (he who at the first came to Jesus by night,) bringing
a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pound weight. They took therefore
the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths, with the spices, as the manner
of the Jews is to bury. Now there was in the place where he was crucified, a
garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein no man yet had been laid.
There, therefore, because of the parasceve of the Jews, they laid Jesus,
because the sepulchre was nigh at hand.
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